One study of 960 pregnant women from Montreal compared the GWG in six ethnic groups: White, Black, Latin American, East Asian, West Asian/Arab, and South Asian. First, most of the population-based studies on racial/ethnic differences in GWG were conducted in the USA or Europe, and only two small studies have been performed in Canada (Kowal et al. However, knowledge is limited in several ways. A recent systemic review on GWG across three continents and diverse ethnicities indicated women in the United States and Europe have higher prevalence of GWG above guidelines and lower rates of GWG below guidelines than women in Asia (Goldstein et al. Previous studies have reported racial/ethnic differences in GWG, with visible minorities at increased risk of inadequate GWG and lower risk of excessive GWG (Headen et al. Exploring racial/ethnic variations in GWG is the first step to understand this issue in Canada. 2012), but data on racial/ethnic differences in GWG and their impact on adverse pregnancy outcomes were very limited. In Canada, more than half of women exceed the 2009 national guidelines for weight gain during pregnancy, and approximately one fifth of women gain below the recommendations (Dzakpasu et al. The United States (US) Institute of Medicine (IOM) developed GWG guidelines in 1990 and updated them in 2009, and these were adopted by Health Canada in 2010 (Health Canada 2010). Inadequate and excessive gestational weight gain (GWG) have both been linked with a number of adverse maternal and neonatal outcomes, which in turn also vary by race/ethnicity (Headen et al. Additional consideration of racial/ethnic variations by maternal weight classes may help to promote healthy GWG in Canada. Individualized counseling regarding appropriate GWG is universally recommended. There were significant interaction effects between race/ethnicity and pre-pregnancy BMI for inadequate GWG (Wald p ConclusionVariations in unhealthy GWG by pre-pregnancy weight classes among Ontario White, Asian and Black women were observed. Interaction effects were examined to determine whether racial/ethnic difference in GWG varied by pre-pregnancy body mass index (BMI).ResultsAmong 74,424 women, the prevalence of inadequate GWG in White, Asian, and Black women was 15.7%, 25.8%, and 25.0%, and excessive GWG was 62.8%, 45.5%, and 54.7%, respectively. We estimated adjusted risk ratios (aRR) of racial/ethnic differences for inadequate or excessive GWG using multinomial logistic regression models.
ObjectiveTo explore inadequate and excessive gestational weight gain (GWG) among pregnant women of different racial/ethnic backgrounds in Ontario, Canada.MethodsA population-based retrospective cohort study was conducted among women who had prenatal screening and had a singleton birth in an Ontario hospital between April 2016 and March 2017.
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